A Complicated Matter Of Air Pollution - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 553 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Ecology Essay Level High school Tags: Air Pollution Essay Pollution Essay Did you like this example? Air Pollution One of the major cause of air pollution is the burning of fossil fuel. The wasteful and toxic release of substances can cause damage to the environment. The amount of harmful substance you inhale in your human body can cause numerous health problems, including a life-threatening illness. Pollution has affected the environment that causes serious health issue to human. Geographically, by a large amount of chemical mixture saturated in the atmosphere, other countries are experiencing acid rain and crop damages. Air pollution is one of the many current problems or challenges the world is faced with and is one of the precipitating factors responsible for the climatic change in the world we live in today. The scourge of ever-present air pollution is gradually becoming uncontrollable with the failure of local, global authorities and other major stakeholders to effectively address the catastrophic direction that it gravitates to, especially in commercial and industrial societies. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Complicated Matter Of Air Pollution" essay for you Create order Air pollution is a complicated matter that cannot be overlooked or over-emphasized in any way, especially today. The air we breathe is becoming more unclean with the passing of each day as result of air pollution. We are quick to jump on the bandwagon to pontificate about the causes of air pollution and its adverse effects, but we have failed to realize that every one of us have had a fair share of a role, knowingly and unknowingly, to play in propelling air pollution epidemic proportions, and the situation that we find ourselves today. According to Roy Harrison, air pollutants may exist in a gaseous or particulate form. These substances are sulfur dioxide and ozone. A carbonaceous particle from diesel engine exhaust and sulfur dioxide from power stations are examples of primary pollutants. (Harrison 169). Overcoming the challenges of air pollution has been one of the major global environmental issues bedeviling the world today; this is because of its contribution to the large percentage of the global variation of climate, which has been a threat to many developed and developing societies today. Efforts should be intensified to adequately address the issue of air pollution globally through policies that are geared towards massive reduction of this epidemic. An all-encompassing approach that adequately addresses the reduction of greenhouse gases, Traffic emission, industrial emissions and other aforementioned causes of air pollution, backed with adequate funding should be put in place. The United Nations, World Environmental protection agencies and, other major stakeholders should champion the initiative of having a greener environment that is relatively low in the concentration of air pollutants, if not totally eradicated. Individuals should also be educated on the need to refrain from such activities that are responsible for pollution. Modern age Technologies that encourage the use of renewable energy, less of combustible energy, which in-turn promotes the actualization of a greener environment and the dream of this generation and future generations to breathe in clean air, should be accessible by the world populace. Industrial and manufacturing processes, with by or end products that are gaseous and aqueous matter that contributes massively to air pollution should be reviewed with the view of proffering a lasting solution to the menace of these dangerous emissions. Work Cited Pollution:Causes, Effects and Control, edited by R. M. Harrison, Royal Society of Chemistry, 2001. ProQuest Ebook Central, https://ezproxy.clayton.edu:2200/lib/claytonstate/detail.action?docID=1186016.

The Cost of Communication Security Issues - 558 Words

Cost of communication security issue Although mobilize workforce such as mobile phone or laptop computer giving an opportunity for company and employees to maximize recourses. Nerveless, it also exhibits a security risk that may cost a loss to the organization. At best, the organization could get the financial losses or data losses. At worst, the result for an organization may be lost productivities and negative publicity. The results for communication security issue will be discussed separate in the following section. a. Leaking information Leaking information through mobility and social network has become one of the most important damages to organization due to the leaking information by their employees. Employee’s irresponsible use of social media such as Facebook or twitter can cause damage of organization in terms of putting company’s networks under the risk of malware. The consequence for leaking information can be small as loss opportunity; also can be larger as organization’s security. For example, according to the news in 2010, â€Å"British Ministry of Defence staff has leaked secret information onto social-networking sites sixteen times in 18 months.† (Mansfield, 2010). The information leakage will both benefit the adversaries and detriment the organizations. Leaking information are not only for company, To make it worse, Facebook profiles are now available to be downloaded from torrent sites exposing more than 170 million users’ information globally (Paul, 2010).Show MoreRel atedThe Advantage of VPN Security and Design735 Words   |  3 Pagesorganization ensures security that non-authenticated user can intercept the encrypted data. 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For example, according to Huang, Zhan, and Liu, (2013), the manufacturing in China, specifically the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, processes increasing business operating costs because of currencyRead MoreMgmt 404 Project Essay1534 Words   |  7 Pagesstatement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3-4 Work breakdown structure†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 Network diagram†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....6 Risk management plan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7-8 Resource management plan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 Communication management plan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9-10 Scope Statement Project Overview Statement Executive Summary ________________________________________ Project Name: Self-checking registers Department: Bookstore Last Updated: NovemberRead MoreOutlook 2015 For The Ict Sector1588 Words   |  7 Pagesthe ICT sector Definition Information and Communication Technology is defined as convergence of audio-visual and telephone networks with computer networks using a link system. There is a cost savings due to merge of telephone network with the computer network system using a single unified system of cabling, signal distribution and management. Outlook 2015 Current Information and Communication technology includes big data, the cloud, mobile communication, and social media. These ICT developments markedRead MorePlanning And Budgeting For An Incident Response Essay1272 Words   |  6 Pagestheir efforts, and they are targeting large and small organizations across virtually every sector. The consensus of security professionals is that it is only a matter of time before every organization will suffer a breach. This makes it essential for enterprises to plan how they will respond when the breach occurs. Such a plan can also make it easier to budget for a cyber security incident response. 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Transaction cost holds importance in online purchasing. Economies in transaction cost leads to subscribe for online video content. There are certain factors that affect transaction cost. These fa ctors include uncertainty, frequency and security. Uncertainty is associated with unpredictable

Math Scores At Harmony Creek Middle School Education Essay Free Essays

string(30) " 71 pupils were taught by Ms\." This paper is in response to a petition to find if there is a important difference in math trial tonss that can be attributed to methods of direction and instruction assignments at Harmony Creek Middle School based on ethnicity, socioeconomic position and ethnicity. Test scores for all pupils grouped by instructor, gender, ethnicity and socioeconomic position as determined by the eligibility of the pupil to measure up for free or decreased monetary value tiffin. An Analysis of Variance trial ( ANOVA ) was performed on each information subset and when important differences were found a station hoc analysis utilizing a simple t-test presuming equal discrepancies was used to measure the presence of any important difference in the average trial tonss in math that may be attributed to the method of direction and other listed factors. We will write a custom essay sample on Math Scores At Harmony Creek Middle School Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Do gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic position, method of direction and instructor assignments significantly affect math tonss at Harmony Creek Middle School? Introduction Harmony Creek Middle School disposal has become concerned with math trial mark over the past several old ages and has examined the construction of the plan in an attempt to turn to the state of affairs. Professional development activities for the three instructors ‘ presently learning math categories have been provided and a restructuring of the instruction methodological analysis has been proposed as a possible solution to the job. At present two of the math instructors use a criterions based instructional method with the 3rd instructor utilizing a more traditional method. This paper will try to turn to the different instruction methods along with gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic position and in what mode these factors seemingly affect the math tonss within the school. It should be noted that this research is really limited in nature and farther research is called for in this topic. It should besides be noted that with the limited information available and with the methods of roll uping the statistics that there are possible mistakes within the decisions. An analysis of informations covering several old ages would perchance be a better index of the identified issues and could bring forth different consequences. At present there is some favour to standardise the instruction methods within the school to supply more consistent direction of the math plan. Differing sentiments as to efficiency of traditional instruction methods versus criterions based direction exist. Opinions to the construct of grouping pupils by ethnicity and by abilities within cultural groups are besides a topic of some contention to the staff. Surveies seem to propose that a criterions based schoolroom helps kids to derive a better appreciation of math and helps the pupil to go a better critical mind. Traditional methods of instruction may bring forth better procedural accomplishments but seems to make little to assist pupils go better job convergent thinkers. Grouping pupils by ethnicity and by abilities has besides been shown to bring forth really few positive effects and tend to really increase spreads in cognition and accomplishments. Delegating pupils to instructors of the same race have non been shown to hold a important consequence on trial tonss. This paper will analyze the trial tonss of all math pupils at Harmony Creek Middle School harmonizing to race, gender, and socioeconomic position. Methods of direction will besides be examined to try to find if traditional instructional methods or criterions based methods are more effectual. It is hypothesized that there is no important difference in math tonss for pupils based on gender, socioeconomic position or ethnicity. The hypothesis is besides that there is no relationship between teacher assignment and trial tonss based on ethnicity. Reappraisal of literature Past surveies have theorized that sorted pupils should on norm do better and separately should make at least every bit good. It is besides theorized that a position order could take to increased competition within the group, harder work by persons and to higher consequences for the group as a whole ( Hoffer, 1992 ) . Other factors would look to hold some bearing on grouping though as it is frequently thought that instructors relegated to take down group categories would hold lower degrees of occupation satisfaction and that the attempt of these instructors would worsen. The grouping of pupils by ability or cultural grouping may besides ensue in unequal allotment of resources, the instruction of inkinesss, for case, would frequently non have the same quality resources and concerns as the instruction of Whites ( Harris, 2008 ) . Students in higher grouped categories are more likely to be taught by more skilled and motivated instructors who would supply more piquant direction. Lower sorted categories would be given to concentrate on basic accomplishments, trial readying and rote acquisition ( Worthy, 2010 ) . Since lower grouped categories would travel more easy and cover less material the spread in content covered would steadily increase. It is frequently put forth that able pupils are held back by slower 1s when all the pupils work together in the same category ( Goodlad ‘s 1984 ) . Methods To compare the efficiency of the methods of direction this undertaking used the ANOVA trial to compare tonss between the pupils and the three instructors in an attempt to find if the Direct Instruction method or the Standards based Instruction yielded higher tonss. A t-test: two sample presuming equal discrepancies was used as a station hoc analysis when the ANOVA trial indicated that there were important differences in the research informations subsets. Assuming a random assignment of pupils to the three instructors this research should give consequences that will let for a finding to be made as to the Method of Instruction that would see the highest math tonss for the pupils. A 95 % assurance degree was used to table the consequences of this research. The dataset contains tonss from 216 pupils. Students were assigned to categories seemingly without respect to ethnicity, ability, gender or socioeconomic position as each category contained pupils stand foring each factor. 71 pupils were taught by Ms. You read "Math Scores At Harmony Creek Middle School Education Essay" in category "Essay examples" Ruger utilizing a Direct Direction or traditional method of direction. 145 pupils were taught by Ms. Smith and Ms. Wesson who both employ a Standards Based method of direction. The analysis of the information was used to happen if there was a direct tie between the Method of Instruction and the math tonss. A t-test: two sample presuming equal discrepancies was used to compare the tonss for the Direct and the Standards based instructional methods. The information was besides used to compare the trial tonss by factors of ethnicity, gender and socioeconomic position being taught utilizing direct instructional method versus Standards based direction methods. A t-test: two sample presuming equal discrepancies was used here besides for comparing of the tonss. Consequences and Analysis 71 pupils were assigned to Ms. Ruger ( direct direction method ) . 69 pupils were assigned to Ms. Smith and 76 to Ms. Wesson ( criterions based method ) . Students taught utilizing the direct method had a average mark of 55.2 and the mean for pupils in criterions based categories was 70.17. The deliberate T Stat for this comparing was 6.94 and the critical value was 1.97. The T Stat being much larger than the critical value allows for the rejection of the void hypothesis and allows us to presume that there is a important difference in the effectivity of the two methods of direction with the Standards based method ensuing in higher math tonss. Male pupils make up 56 % of the population for this research. 39 males were assigned to direct direction schoolrooms and 81 were assigned to categories utilizing a criterions based method. The mean for direct direction pupils ( male ) was 53.30 and the mean for criterions based pupils ( male ) was 68.20. A t Test gave us a deliberate T Stat of 5.13 and a t critical value of 1.98. Because the T Stat is larger than the t Critical we can reject the void hypothesis and happen that there is a important difference of the tonss of male pupils in direct direction schoolrooms and those taught in criterions based schoolroom with the direct direction method giving higher tonss. Female pupils make up 44 % of the population. 32 females were assigned to schoolrooms utilizing a direct direction method and 64 were assigned to criterions based method categories. The mean for females taught utilizing the direct direction method was 57.65. The mean for females taught utilizing the criterions based method was 72.65. A deliberate T Stat of 4.78 and a t Critical value of 1.98 would let for the rejection of the void hypothesis as the T Stat is larger than the t Critical value. Rejecting the nothing in this case would let us to find that the math tonss of females taught utilizing the criterions based direction method were higher than those of females taught utilizing the direct direction method. Asiatic pupils make up 24 % of the population of pupils. The figure of Asiatic pupils taught under the direct direction method was 17 and the figure of Asiatic pupils taught under the criterions based method was 36. A t Trial: two tailed presuming equal discrepancies resulted in a mean of 53.70 for Asiatic pupils assigned to instructors utilizing a direct direction method and 71.36 for those Asiatic pupils assigned to instructors utilizing criterions based methods. A deliberate T Stat of 3.76 and a t Critical value of 2.00. The value of the T Stat being larger that the T Critical value allows for the rejection of the void hypothesis and leads to the decision that within the Asiatic subpopulation those pupils taught utilizing the criterions based method of direction scored higher in math than those Asiatic pupils taught utilizing the direct direction method. Black pupils represent 24 % of the group. The figure of black pupils taught utilizing the direct direction method is 18 and the figure of black pupils taught under the criterions based method is 34. The mean for Black pupils assigned to instructors utilizing the direct direction method was 55.22 and 72.06 for those Black pupils assigned to instructors utilizing criterions based methods. A t Trial of this subpopulation resulted in a deliberate T Stat of 3.82 and a t Critical value of 2.00. As the value of the T Stat is larger than the t Critical value the void hypothesis is rejected and a decision that the criterions based learning method consequences in higher math tonss for the black pupils in this population is reached. Latino pupils account for 31 % of the population of this group. The figure of Latino pupils taught utilizing the direct direction method was 25 and the Latino pupils assigned to criterions based schoolrooms numbered 41. A t Trial of the Hispanic subpopulation resulted in a mean of 55.64 for Latino pupils assigned to instructors utilizing direct direction and a mean of 70.41 for those assigned to instructors using criterions based learning methods. A deliberate T Stat of 3.90 and a t Critical value of 1.99 was observed for this subpopulation. As the T Stat is larger than the value of t Critical the void hypothesis is rejected and it is concluded that Latino pupils achieve higher math tonss when taught utilizing a criterions based method. White pupils account for the staying 21 % of the population. 11 pupils of this subpopulation are assigned to instructors utilizing a direct direction method and 34 to instructors using criterions based methodological analysis. A t Test resulted in mean of 56.90 for white pupils under a direct direction method and a mean of 66.73 for white pupils taught utilizing criterions based method. A deliberate T Stat of 2.06 and a t Critical value of 2.01 allow for the rejection of the nothing and the decision that white pupils taught utilizing criterions based learning methods achieved higher math tonss during the period studied. 35 pupils in this group having free or decreased monetary value tiffins were assigned to instructors utilizing a direct direction method. 69 pupils received free or decreased monetary value tiffins and were assigned to instructors utilizing criterions based learning methods. The deliberate mean for this subpopulation taught under direct direction was 56.17. The mean for the pupils having free or decreased monetary value tiffins taught under criterions based direction was 71.02. A deliberate T Stat of 5.10 and a t Critical value of 1.98 allow for the rejection of the void hypothesis and allows for the finding that pupils having free or decreased monetary value tiffins achieve higher math tonss when taught utilizing criterions based methods. 36 pupils who did non have free or decreased monetary value tiffins were assigned to instructors utilizing a direct direction method. 76 pupils who did non have free or decreased monetary value tiffins were assigned to instructors who used criterions based direction methods. The average mark for pupils who paid full monetary value for tiffins and were taught utilizing direct direction was 54.38 % and the mean mark for pupils paying full monetary value and assigned to instructors who use criterions based methods was 69.39. A deliberate T Stat of 4.75 and a t Critical value of 1.98 allow for the rejection of the void hypothesis and farther let for the decision that pupils who did non have reduced monetary value or free tiffins and were taught utilizing the criterions based direction method scored achieved higher math tonss than the pupils who did non have reduced monetary value or free tiffins and were assigned to instructors utilizing a direct direction learning method. Decision The consequences of this survey would look to do a clear suggestion that Standards Based Instruction should better math trial tonss at the Harmony Creek Middle School. In about every class at that place existed a important difference in tonss between pupils taught utilizing a Standards Based method and those taught utilizing a Direct Instruction method. This tendency appears across all of factors that were examined and would look to follow the tendencies noted in other research that does be. As Thompson ( 2009 ) noted Standards Based patterns were found to be important subscribers to pupils math accomplishment and that virtually none of the ascertained non-SBI practiced were found to be a important subscriber to student accomplishment by gender or cultural grouping. For the intent of this research a commission was formed to help in the rating of the research consequences and in the finding of the more effectual instructional agencies. Committee members consist of 3 active or former in-between school instructors who are familiar with the type of research to be evaluated, the instructional methods and with the demographics of the community, two community members who are active in their support of the school and a module member of the local community college. All members were chosen because of their engagement in both the community and local schools. All of the commission members have some background in instruction, concern, and finance or in the legal field. Harmony Creek Middle School will necessitate to buy 71 text editions at a cost of $ 100 each to implement the alteration to a criterions based instructional method in all math categories. The entire cost of the text editions will be $ 7100. The commission feels that the disbursal of buying new text editions that will be needed to implement a school broad policy of a criterions based learning method is justified as there should be a pronounced betterment in math tonss which should ensue in an improved ambiance throughout the school and the community. Implementing alterations to the math course of study should increase tonss which will assist to hike the morale of both pupils and module. An addition in math tonss will besides be given to increase support from the community as its members shortly see that Harmony Creek Middle School is non content to keep the position quo and is willing to take stairss to better the instruction of the pupils and in the betterment of the community. The vision statement of Harmony Creek Middle school proclaims that: We believe that each of our pupils, our module and our community is alone. We believe that each of our pupils, our module, and our community deserve the chance to accomplish their full potency. We believe that each individual is responsible for their ain actions and the effects of those actions. We believe that diverseness strengthens persons and the community. We believe that larning in an indispensable and womb-to-tomb procedure. To these terminals this commission feels that we must implement this vision statement with action and make all that is possible to farther instruction, diverseness and chance within our schools. We besides feel that one method to carry through this end is the execution of a Standards Based Instructional method in math categories at Harmony Creek Middle School. How to cite Math Scores At Harmony Creek Middle School Education Essay, Essay examples

Objectives and Importance of Co-Operative Society free essay sample

A cooperative is not just formed to make profits; its objective is to ensure the economic welfare of its members. 2. Creating unity and solidarity: A cooperative is characterized by the strength of its unity. Therefore bringing the extorted and deprived together and encourage them work in unison is a goal of a cooperative society. 3. Awakening of working zeal: Cooperatives also helps to invoke confidence in the minds of people who have lost their will to work as they had faced constant failures in their lives. . Creating interest in saving: A cooperative encourages its members to save more. Then it accumulates these small amounts of savings from the members to raise capital. 5. Solution to capital problem: Lower middle class people cannot utilize their capabilities due to lack of capital. They are extorted by landlords and the richer class. Therefore another prime objective of a cooperative is to manage necessary resources for its members. 6. Development of efficiency: Another aim of cooperatives is to create a skilled and efficient labor force by arranging training sessions for its members. Removal of middlemen: Producers are often deprived of their rightful returns as the middlemen cheat them by unfair means. Cooperatives can be formed to deal with such problems. 8. Co-coordinating ability: Bringing together the limited skills of the lower middle class to create a large business is the target of a cooperative. The cooperative benefits from the returns from the large business and share it among them. 9. Defense against disturbance: Small producers often face various types of disturbances from different parties like extortion by certain landlords. A cooperative can be formed to deal with such problems. 10. Advantages of large scale business: A cooperative combines the small fortunes of its members into a large capital and then a big business is formed. This leads to greater production and greater yields which is enjoyed by the members. 11. Teaching of moral principles: Cooperatives not only ensure economic stability but also inserts moral principles into the members’ minds, making them stronger mentally. 12. Improvement of skill: Cooperatives play a vital role in improving the technical kills of the uneducated and the poor. They arrange for trainings so that their members can show appropriate skills in their respective fields. 13. Removal of middlemen: Small producers are deprived of certain percentage of their rightful earnings as the middlemen take advantage by cheating them. Formation of cooperatives can prevent such unfair means. 14. Removal of monopoly business: Some producers try to create a monopoly in market economy. This poses difficulty for small investors to come forward. Cooperatives unite these small investors and create an environment of competition. Thus monopolies are prevented. 5. Capital formation: Cooperatives encourage its members to save more and then combine their small savings into a large capital. This leads to greater investment and hence greater production. 16. Creation of loan facility: Small producers often face high shortages of capital. When they turn to certain landlords for loans, they are mistreated and get caught in loan traps. Cooperatives arranges for easy term loans for its members to ensure continuous and rapid production. 17. Solution to unemployment problem: Cooperatives create more job opportunities for their members. Social development: Cooperatives also plays a vital role in the development of the society. They not only foster psychological and economic development of their members but also resolve their residential problems in certain situations develop transportation, education, health and carry on family planning programs. 19. Economic development: By helping to develop the agricultural sector, small and cottage industries, etc. and hence reducing poverty in the country, cooperatives contribute to the country’s economy. Principles of cooperative society 1. Unity: ‘Unity is Strength’ is the main belief of a cooperative. Keeping the future in mind, like-minded people join together to form cooperatives in order to proper as a whole; they stay united in all types of situations. 2. Equality: A cooperative society believes in equality. No matter what their place is in the society or how well they are positioned economically, the members are given equal respect. 3. Cooperation: The members of a cooperative cooperate to ensure efficient output. They work as a team to get rid of their mutual shortcomings. 4. Honesty: A cooperative operates in an honest manner. Dishonesty may lead to suspicion in the minds of the members, which may cause them to lose interest. 5. Trust and confidence: The members of a cooperative trust and have confidence in each other’s ability. Greater the trust, more interest will be generated among the members. 6. Service: The members possess the mindset to help others as much as possible whenever the need occurs. 7. Democracy: There is democracy in the selection of the management committee and also while major decisions are taken. 8. Proximity: The members are usually likeminded ones. If it is not so, too many different opinions will hamper the progress of the cooperative. 9. Distribution of profit: Since cooperatives are not profit-motive organizations, all the profit is not distributed among the members. 20 percent profit is retained back for future investment. 10. Equal right of votes: One member is entitled to one vote when electing the management committee or when major decisions are made, irrespective of the amount of share he/she holds. 11. Voluntary association: Members can withdraw their membership anytime and upon approval of the management committee can handover his/her share to someone else. Means of removing the problems of cooperative organization in Bangladesh 1. Adoption of realistic plan: There is need for a plan on how the cooperatives in Bangladesh should operate in a realistic manner. Amount of contribution from national, central and primary level cooperatives should be determined so that they can operate in specialized manner. 2. Strengthening of training program: Both the government and the NGOs should come forward and arrange more training programs. 3. Widespread publicity: The idea of forming cooperatives should be advertised in a large scale. Virtuous and successful cooperatives should be highlighted so that the general public can be inspired by them. 4. Inclusion of co-operative subject in the syllabus: To establish the importance of cooperatives, it should be included as a subject at the primary and intermediate levels and if possible at the under graduate level as well. This will encourage students to think about forming cooperatives in the future. 5. Increasing publications on co-operatives: To spread information about cooperatives, more books about cooperatives should be published and it should appear in the columns of newspapers and magazines. Giving incentives to executives: It should be understood that no one will work for free for long. Therefore the executives should be given incentives to encourage them to work enthusiastically and efficiently. 7. Removal of corruption and nepotism: To remove corruption, modern management system should be in place. 8. Effective coordination: A cooperative is run under certain rules set by the government. These rules should be restructured so that it aids the cooperative’s operation and not hamper it. Also there should be a certain degree of coordination among national, central and primary level cooperatives. 9. Development of cooperative department: The ‘cooperative’ department of the government should be restructured by appointing pro-cooperative people in important positions. 10. Increase of government cooperation: Money spent by the government in aid of the cooperative revolution is almost negligible compared to its other spending. Both financial and non-financial support from the government should be increased.